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Responsive web design (often abbreviated to RWD) is a web design approach aimed at crafting sites to provide an optimal viewing experience-easy reading and navigation with a minimum of resizing, panning, and scrolling—across a wide range of devices (from desktop computer monitors to tablets and mobile phones ). A site designed with RWD uses CSS3 media queries, an extension of the @media rule, to adapt the layout to the viewing environment—along with fluid proportion-based grids and flexible images.
1.Media queries allow the page to use different CSS style rules based on characteristics of the device the site is being displayed on, most commonly the width of the browser.
2.The fluid grid concept calls for page element sizing to be in relative units like percentages or EMs, rather than absolute units like pixels or points.
3.Flexible images are also sized in relative units (up to 100%), so as to prevent them from displaying outside their containing element.
“Mobile First” and “Unobtrusive JavaScript”/”Progressive Enhancement” (strategies for when a new site design is being considered) are related concepts that predated RWD: browsers of basic mobile phones do not understand JavaScript or media queries, so the recommended practice is to create a basic web site then enhance it for smart phones and PCs—rather than try “graceful degradation” to make a complex, image-heavy site work on the most basic mobile phones.
